Vision vitamins are an important component of our everyday diet. Apart from the vitamin A which is widely known for its important properties, there are many others that play a central role in maintaining good eyesight. These nutritional elements include vitamin B6 and C and others such as selenium, zinc and magnesium among others. There are many different types of foods that contain many of these elements in different combinations. Examples include green leafy vegetables, oranges, carrots and pumpkins among others.
We will look at vitamin A in detail and understand what it is that it does at cellular level. Research has revealed to us that this vitamin is very important in the synthesis of a pigment known as rhodopsin. This pigment is found in high amounts on the retina which acts as a screen on which images from the environment are formed. Adequate levels of rhodopsin are needed to help one see better in dim light.
The A vitamin is not a single unit as such but is composed of a group of hydrocarbons which are not saturated. These include retinoic acid, retinal, retinol and a number of vitamin A precursors (carotenoids). The most important among the pro vitamin A carotenoids is beta carotene. Retinal component combines with the protein opsin to form rhodopsin. The so formed light absorbing molecule is vital for both colour and low light (scotopic) vision.
Deficiency of vitamin A results in a number of eye conditions that vary in severity depending on the extent of involvement. It often occurs when there is reduced intake of provitamin A carotenoid containing foods such as vegetables, dairy and animals products and fruits. This is the commonest scenario and is also referred to as primary vitamin A deficiency.
Secondary deficiency may be seen in a number of circumstances. For instance, it is seen when there is malabsorption of the vitamin. This frequently occurs when there is decreased uptake of lipids and reduced release of bile. The vitamin requires fat to dissolve and a deficiency of the fats will therefore result in decreased absorption. Other risk factors for the same include prolonged smoking and alcohol intake.
Night blindness is one of the commonest and earliest symptoms of deficiency. One of the causes of reduced vision is drying of the conjunctiva which takes place as the condition progresses. The normal secretory system is progressively replaced with hardened keratinised tissue. As keratin plaques are eroded progressively, more keratinisation takes place.
The other vitamins play a relatively minor role. Vitamin C has antioxidant properties which help protect the eye from irradiation. It is also important in the maintenance of capillary integrity and normal pressure. The B6 vitamin maintains red cell structure and function and thus ensures that the retina functions optimally. Zinc takes part in the conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A.
While it may not be practical to take all vision vitamins every day, it is advisable to take food supplements that contain the maximum number of essential vitamins in them. The amount of intake is also limited by factors such as age, sex, pregnancy and lactation. It is important to ensure that one takes just the right amount of nutrients to avoid toxicity and related complications.
We will look at vitamin A in detail and understand what it is that it does at cellular level. Research has revealed to us that this vitamin is very important in the synthesis of a pigment known as rhodopsin. This pigment is found in high amounts on the retina which acts as a screen on which images from the environment are formed. Adequate levels of rhodopsin are needed to help one see better in dim light.
The A vitamin is not a single unit as such but is composed of a group of hydrocarbons which are not saturated. These include retinoic acid, retinal, retinol and a number of vitamin A precursors (carotenoids). The most important among the pro vitamin A carotenoids is beta carotene. Retinal component combines with the protein opsin to form rhodopsin. The so formed light absorbing molecule is vital for both colour and low light (scotopic) vision.
Deficiency of vitamin A results in a number of eye conditions that vary in severity depending on the extent of involvement. It often occurs when there is reduced intake of provitamin A carotenoid containing foods such as vegetables, dairy and animals products and fruits. This is the commonest scenario and is also referred to as primary vitamin A deficiency.
Secondary deficiency may be seen in a number of circumstances. For instance, it is seen when there is malabsorption of the vitamin. This frequently occurs when there is decreased uptake of lipids and reduced release of bile. The vitamin requires fat to dissolve and a deficiency of the fats will therefore result in decreased absorption. Other risk factors for the same include prolonged smoking and alcohol intake.
Night blindness is one of the commonest and earliest symptoms of deficiency. One of the causes of reduced vision is drying of the conjunctiva which takes place as the condition progresses. The normal secretory system is progressively replaced with hardened keratinised tissue. As keratin plaques are eroded progressively, more keratinisation takes place.
The other vitamins play a relatively minor role. Vitamin C has antioxidant properties which help protect the eye from irradiation. It is also important in the maintenance of capillary integrity and normal pressure. The B6 vitamin maintains red cell structure and function and thus ensures that the retina functions optimally. Zinc takes part in the conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A.
While it may not be practical to take all vision vitamins every day, it is advisable to take food supplements that contain the maximum number of essential vitamins in them. The amount of intake is also limited by factors such as age, sex, pregnancy and lactation. It is important to ensure that one takes just the right amount of nutrients to avoid toxicity and related complications.
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